Compression vs Extension vs Torsion Springs: A Buyer's Comparison
Springs are grouped by how they load. Compression springs push back when squeezed. Extension springs pull back when stretched. Torsion springs rotate back when twisted. The differences drive how each is specified and priced.
Compression springs: push back under squeeze
Compression springs are the most common type. Coils are wound with space between them, and the spring resists a force that pushes the ends together.
- Loads: axial, straight-line compression.
- Typical uses: valves, switches, suspension, battery contacts, electronics.
- Key specs: wire diameter, free length, rate, solid height, end type.
Extension springs: pull back under stretch
Extension springs are wound tight with hooks or loops at each end. They resist a force that pulls the ends apart and store energy when extended.
- Loads: axial tension.
- Typical uses: garage doors, trampolines, levers, counterbalances.
- Key specs: initial tension, hook style, body length, outside diameter.
Torsion springs: rotate back under twist
Torsion springs store energy by twisting. The legs deflect around the coil axis and provide a rotational force, which is why they appear in hinges and clips.
- Loads: rotational torque.
- Typical uses: clipboards, mousetraps, hinges, slide rails, electronics.
- Key specs: torque, deflection angle, leg length, winding direction.
| Type | Load direction | Common spec | Example use |
|---|---|---|---|
| Compression | Axial push | Load at compressed height | Switch, valve |
| Extension | Axial pull | Initial tension, rate | Counterbalance, latch |
| Torsion | Rotational | Torque at deflection angle | Hinge, clip |
How to identify what you need
- Describe the motion: push, pull, or twist.
- State the force or torque and the travel or angle.
- Note the mounting points and space available.
- Send a sketch, photo, or sample if the part already exists.
A clear motion description lets the supplier confirm the spring type and the right specification fields on the first pass.
FAQ
Can one supplier make all three spring types?
Yes. Custom compression, extension, and torsion springs are all produced from your drawing or sample, along with wire forms and stamped contacts.
How do I know if I need a torsion or extension spring?
If the part rotates around an axis, it is a torsion spring. If it stretches between two fixed points, it is an extension spring. Describe the motion and the supplier will confirm.
What is initial tension on an extension spring?
Initial tension is the force needed to start separating the coils. It determines when the spring begins to extend under load.
Which spring type is most affordable?
Compression springs are usually the most economical because of high volume and simple tooling. Cost depends more on material, size, and quantity than on type.
Can I get a mix of types in one order?
Yes. Multiple spring types can be quoted and produced together. Provide a drawing or sample for each part.
What if I only have a sample, not a drawing?
A physical sample can be measured and reverse-engineered. Send the sample along with the required quantity and any changes you need.
Confirm the spring type before finalizing specs
Once the load direction is clear, specification becomes fast. Share your motion, force, and space constraints, and the supplier can lock in the type and quote an accurate part.
Describe your spring's motion and send a drawing or sample with your target quantity to get a quote for the correct spring type.
Browse the Precision Springs catalog for related parts, or submit your specifications to request a quote.